Health care is expensive, but when the pain can be more expensive costs. Therefore, preventing is better than cure. As preventive measures, medical check-ups can be done to know the health conditions, as well as to detect the disease early on.
The more premature a disease is
detected, then the faster the help that can be given. In this way, the disease
does not continue on to a more serious stage, while simultaneously preventing
the aid is more complicated.
A medical check-up is required by
women and men, both young children and the elderly. People who look healthy no
matter need to do a medical check-up, especially to check the level of health
as well as the possibility of serious diseases that have yet to show symptoms.
In General, the following can be a
list of things that are checked through a medical check-up.
Weight
The time index of the body (body
mass index/BMI) abnormal can trigger many diseases. Obesity can increase the
risk of stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension,
and cancer. While the physical conditions that are too thin are at risk of
weakening the immune system, resulting in osteoporosis, and anemia. Therefore,
it is important to be checked every 2 years once BMI for people aged under 50
years of age and once a year for ages over 50 years.
Actual BMI can be calculated
yourself at home. Here's how: weight (kg)/height (m) 2. A normal BMI for Asian
population is up to 18.5 22.9. However,
if you experience weight loss drastically, overweight, or have a BMI that is
abnormal, immediately consult the doctor to handle it.
Blood Sugar
This test is performed for people
aged 45 years and over, at least every three years. However, if you have the
risk of diabetes, consult a doctor immediately to undergo the test, and more
frequently e.g. every year.
Additionally, if you experience
symptoms such as weight loss dropped dramatically without a clear reason, often
feel thirsty and hungry, tingling in the hands or feet, as well as frequent
urination, immediately do this test to ensure the possibility of diabetes.
Before doing the test, you are advised to fast for 8 hours. Fasting blood sugar
test would indicate one of the following results:
- Normal: 70-100 mg/dL
- Pre-diabetes: 100-125 mg/dL
- Diabetes: ≥ 126 mg/dL
Blood Pressure
Normal blood pressure for age under
60 years of age is an upper (systolic) of less than 140 mm Hg and the bottom
number (diastolic) is less than 90, or read 140/90. While at the age of over 60
years, the standard normally is less than 150/90 mm Hg. Blood pressure above
the normal number means hypertension (high blood pressure).
For a normal person, the test can be
done every 1-2 years. While the people who suffered from hypertension or
hypotension will need to do a test every year or more often.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is basically a type of
fat that your body needs, but excessive amounts can clog blood vessels and
triggering heart disease and stroke. Normal cholesterol is as follows:
- Good cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein/HDL) should preferably be above 60 mg/dL.
- Bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein-LDL/) should preferably be under 100 mg/dL.
- Preferably triglycerides less than 150 mg/dL.
- Total cholesterol should under 200 mg/dL.
For people with normal health
conditions, tests can be carried out every 5 years, starting at the age of 35 years. However, if you are obese, have diabetes or hypertension, have a
history of heart disease or stroke in their family, smoking, these tests can be
started from the age of 20 years and need more often. As blood sugar tests,
cholesterol tests require the taking of blood samples.
Heart Health
The heart is one of the vital organs
in the human body. Examination of the heart can be done with an
electrocardiogram (ECG) test or known by the record of the heart. Tests are
done to find out the electrical activity of the heart. With this test can
detect the presence of an abnormal heartbeat or other disorders such as blood
vessels are clogged. The test is done if you experience symptoms of heart
disease, such as pain in the chest or heart pounding.
Eye
Check with your eye every 1-2 years
especially if you experience vision problems. In addition to the sight
impaired, checks on children aim to look
at the possibility of eye squint or lazy.
Whereas in adults, can know the condition:
Retinopathy, damage to the blood vessels behind the eye e.g. due to
diabetes.
Glaucoma, the optic nerve damage as
well as the increasing pressure of the eye.
Cataracts, eyes Misty.
Related tests may include:
Examination of the retina of the
eye: special liquid diets in order for
the enlarged cornea, then the light is
illuminated so that the doctor can see the structure in the eye.
The muscle of the eye examination:
the doctor will see movements of your eyes.
Examination of sharpness
Related tests may include:
Examination
of the retina of the eye: special liquid in squirt in order for the enlarged
cornea, then light is illuminated so that the doctor can see the structure in
the eye.
The muscle of the eye examination:
the doctor will see movements of your eyes.
Visual acuity: an examination using posters bearing the letters.
Examination with a slit lamp to
inspect the eyelids, eyelashes, cornea, iris, lens, and fluid space between
cornea and iris.
Perimeter tests to check the ability of the eyes look to the side
without moving his eyeball.
Intraocular pressure tests (tonometry) to check the pressure in the eye.
Skin
To detect skin cancer, can be
carried out the examination and if
necessary, a sampling of skin or a skin
biopsy. Skin cancer is the growth of cells in the bark uncontrollably.
The test can be performed
immediately when abnormal changes are found on the skin like there is a lump; moles that change color, size, or
bloody; or the presence of abnormal tissue in the skin is red, white, blue, or
blackish with an irregular border.
Ear
Do hearing tests (audiometry) If you
experience any hearing loss. Audiometry is used to evaluate the possibility of
deafness, determine the type and degree of hearing loss. Examination in infants
and children is required to detect hearing problems that may interfere with
your ability to learn, speak, and understand the language. The examination is
done by looking at your response to the
voice.
Dental
No one is free from plaque and
Tartar. Therefore, the routine dental
examination is required every 6 months early to detect conditions such as an
abscess or swelling due to infection, damage to fester between the teeth, the
jaw bone damage, dental impaction due to abnormally grow younger teeth, cysts
or tumors.
If found Tartar, the doctor will
clean it up or scale. In addition, if
found signs of trouble on the teeth, required further examination with x-rays
to determine medical action is needed.
Bone
Bone density test aims to find out
the strength of bones and help diagnose osteoporosis (porous bones). The
examination is carried out by x-ray or CT scan. Tests need to be done by women
aged 65 years and over, men aged 70 years and over, or anyone is at risk of
osteoporosis. Risk factors include the use of steroid drugs in the long term,
smoking, consuming alcohol, weight is too low, or there is a history of
osteoporosis in the family.
Other
In addition to the above, some
examination of other tests may be needed as the examination of sexually
transmitted diseases (STDS) and hepatitis B for people who are sexually active
and have more than one sex partner, as well as an examination of lung disease
for heavy smokers. The following are some diseases including STDS as well as
the necessary examination.
Gonorrhea requires a urine test. In some cases the required sampling
fluid from the urethra tract in men and women, as well as cervical throat.
Genital herpes symptoms, the doctor
will examine and take samples of your wounds.
HIV antibody examination, require
(immunoassay).
Syphilis, require blood tests and
examination of fluid from the wound to syphilis.
Hepatitis B, hepatitis B for the
same examination with HIV testing, namely blood sampling to find out
whereabouts and liveliness of this disease.
How much a person smokes can be
measured by the number of smoking pack-year. Smoking pack-year number of a
person is measured by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes consumed
per day by the number of years he smoked. So for example, someone who spends
two packs of cigarettes daily over the past 4 years, he is called has 8 smoking
pack-year. Here are a few risks heavy smoker and an examination is needed.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), require a lung function test that measures the amount of air in
the lungs, the speed of air entry and exit, as well as using the x-ray on the
chest.
Lung cancer, require a CT scan.
People age 55-80 years with 30 smoking pack-year or more and still active
smoking or recently stopped in the last 15 years, as well as anyone that has
the risk of lung cancer after consultation with the doctor, we recommend that
you perform this inspection.
In addition to medical check-ups
mentioned above, make sure you also know the particular examination-examination
will be to detect some cancers, which can appear discreetly, without causing
any symptoms. A medical check-up is a
step to anticipate which are effective in detecting the risk of the presence of
the disease in the body. Do it regularly to prevent the development of more
severe disease rates in the future.
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